/* =========================================================
   APFM Lab — Applied Physics of Functional Materials Laboratory
   Ajou University · Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
   ========================================================= */
:root{
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}
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/* ---------- Navbar ---------- */
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/* ---------- Hero slider ---------- */
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.hero-arrow:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.28)}
.hero-arrow.prev{left:18px}.hero-arrow.next{right:18px}
.slide-lattice{position:absolute;inset:0;opacity:.35;mix-blend-mode:screen}
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/* ---------- Sections ---------- */
section{padding:72px 0}
section.alt{background:var(--bg-alt)}
.section-head{margin-bottom:36px}
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.section-head h2::after{content:"";display:block;width:56px;height:4px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--blue),var(--teal));border-radius:2px;margin-top:14px}
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/* Welcome */
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.welcome h2{font-size:clamp(1.6rem,2.8vw,2.3rem)}
.welcome .lead{font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--navy-2);font-weight:500}
.stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:16px}
.stat{background:var(--bg-alt);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:20px 22px}
.stat b{display:block;font-size:1.8rem;color:var(--blue);line-height:1.1}
.stat span{color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem}

/* News + Open position */
.two-col{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;gap:30px;align-items:start}
.news-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}
.news-list li{display:flex;gap:16px;padding:14px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line)}
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.news-list time{flex:none;width:92px;color:var(--blue);font-weight:700;font-size:.9rem;padding-top:2px}
.news-list .tag{display:inline-block;margin-left:8px;font-size:.72rem;padding:1px 8px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--blue-soft);color:var(--navy-2);vertical-align:middle}
.panel{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:28px}
.panel.accent{border-top:4px solid var(--gold)}
.panel h3{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-size:1.2rem}
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.position-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 14px}
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.position-list li::before{content:"✔";color:var(--teal);font-weight:700}

/* Research tiles */
.tile{position:relative;border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;min-height:250px;display:flex;align-items:flex-end;color:#fff;box-shadow:var(--shadow);transition:.25s;isolation:isolate}
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.tile img,.tile .art{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;z-index:-2;transition:transform .5s}
.tile:hover img{transform:scale(1.04)}
.tile::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(9,25,58,0) 30%,rgba(9,25,58,.88) 100%);z-index:-1}
.tile .tile-body{padding:22px}
.tile .cat{font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#ffd58a;font-weight:700}
.tile h3{color:#fff;font-size:1.12rem;margin:6px 0 4px}
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.art{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
.art svg{width:70%;height:70%;opacity:.9}
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.art.a5{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0b3d63,#1e88c7)}
.art.a6{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#7a1f3d,#d34a6a)}

/* Publications cards */
.pub-card .card-body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100%}
.pub-card .journal{font-weight:700;color:var(--blue);font-size:.9rem;margin-bottom:8px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px}
.pub-card .journal .year{color:var(--muted);font-weight:600}
.pub-card h3{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.45;margin-bottom:10px}
.pub-card .authors{color:var(--muted);font-size:.86rem;margin-bottom:14px;flex:1}
.pub-card .doi{font-size:.85rem;font-weight:600}
.center{text-align:center}
.mt-30{margin-top:30px}

/* About */
.about{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px}
.about .lang{font-size:.75rem;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px}
.about p{color:#334155}

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
footer{background:#0b1f45;color:rgba(255,255,255,.8);padding:54px 0 26px;margin-top:0}
footer .container{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr 1fr;gap:34px}
footer h4{color:#fff;font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:12px}
footer a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.85)}
footer ul{list-style:none;padding:0}
footer li{margin:6px 0;font-size:.93rem}
footer .brand{color:#fff;margin-bottom:18px;gap:16px}
footer .brand svg{width:64px;height:64px}
footer .brand .wordmark b{font-size:1.6rem}
footer .foot-addr{color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);margin:0;line-height:1.65}
footer .brand .wordmark > span{color:#fff;font-size:.78rem;letter-spacing:.14em;margin-top:7px}
footer .brand .wordmark > small{color:#fff;font-size:.8rem;margin-top:5px}
footer .brand .wordmark b .sub,footer .brand .wordmark b em{color:inherit}
.copyright{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);margin-top:34px;padding-top:18px;font-size:.82rem;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);text-align:center}

/* ---------- Sub-page hero ---------- */
.page-hero{background:radial-gradient(1000px 400px at 90% 10%,#2f6fd6 0%,transparent 60%),linear-gradient(135deg,#0b1f45,#163b7d);color:#fff;padding:64px 0 54px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}
.page-hero h1{color:#fff;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3.4vw,2.6rem);margin-bottom:8px}
.page-hero p{color:rgba(255,255,255,.85);max-width:720px;margin:0;font-size:1.05rem}
.crumbs{font-size:.85rem;color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);margin-bottom:14px}
.crumbs a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.85)}

/* ---------- Professor page ---------- */
.prof-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:320px 1fr;gap:44px;align-items:start}
.prof-side{position:sticky;top:calc(var(--nav-h) + 20px)}
.prof-photo{border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--shadow);border:1px solid var(--line)}
.prof-photo img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:4/5;object-fit:cover}
.prof-meta{margin-top:18px}
.prof-meta h2{font-size:1.45rem;margin-bottom:2px}
.prof-meta .kr-name{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:8px}
.prof-meta .title{color:var(--blue);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:12px}
.contact-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;font-size:.93rem}
.contact-list li{display:flex;gap:10px;padding:5px 0;color:#334155}
.contact-list li span.ico{width:22px;color:var(--blue);flex:none}
.link-row{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:14px}
.link-row a{font-size:.8rem;padding:6px 12px;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--navy);font-weight:600}
.link-row a:hover{border-color:var(--blue);text-decoration:none;color:var(--blue)}
.block{margin-bottom:44px}
.block h2{font-size:1.4rem;padding-bottom:10px;border-bottom:2px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:18px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}
.block h2 .num{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:8px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:.9rem}
.timeline{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}
.timeline li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:170px 1fr;gap:16px;padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line)}
.timeline li:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.timeline .when{color:var(--blue);font-weight:700;font-size:.93rem}
.timeline .what b{display:block;color:var(--navy)}
.timeline .what span{color:var(--muted);font-size:.92rem}
.chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}
.chip{padding:6px 14px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--blue-soft);color:var(--navy-2);font-size:.88rem;font-weight:600}
.chip.teal{background:#e0f5f2;color:#0a6f63}

/* ---------- Members ---------- */
.member{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;text-align:center;padding:28px 22px}
.member .avatar{width:150px;height:150px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;border:4px solid var(--blue-soft);margin-bottom:16px}
.member .avatar.placeholder{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#e9f0fb,#f6f8fb);color:var(--blue);font-size:2.4rem;font-weight:700}
.member h3{margin-bottom:2px;font-size:1.15rem}
.member .role{color:var(--blue);font-weight:600;font-size:.9rem;margin-bottom:10px}
.member p{color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;margin:0}
.member .email{font-size:.86rem;margin-top:8px}
.member.recruit{border:2px dashed #c9d6ee;background:#fbfcfe;box-shadow:none}
.member.recruit:hover{transform:none}

/* ---------- Research page ---------- */
.area{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:44px;align-items:center;padding:44px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.area:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.area.reverse .area-media{order:2}
.area-media{border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--shadow);border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff}
.area-media img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;aspect-ratio:4/3}
.area-media .art{aspect-ratio:4/3}
.area h3{font-size:1.45rem}
.area .kr-title{color:var(--muted);font-weight:500;margin-bottom:14px}
.area ul{margin:12px 0 0;color:#334155}
.area li{margin:4px 0}
.pill-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:16px}
.overview{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0b1f45,#163b7d);color:#fff;border-radius:var(--radius);padding:38px 40px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px}
.overview h3{color:#ffd58a;font-size:1.05rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase}
.overview ul{color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);padding-left:1.1em}
.overview li{margin:6px 0}
.tech-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px}
.tech{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:18px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}
.tech b{display:block;color:var(--navy);margin-bottom:4px}
.tech span{color:var(--muted);font-size:.88rem}

/* ---------- Publications page ---------- */
.pub-tools{display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:24px}
.search{flex:1;min-width:260px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;padding:10px 18px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}
.search input{border:0;outline:0;font:inherit;width:100%;background:transparent}
.year-filter{display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.year-filter button{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:7px 12px;border-radius:999px;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--navy)}
.year-filter button.active,.year-filter button:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff;border-color:var(--blue)}
.pub-stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-bottom:30px}
.year-group{margin-bottom:34px}
.year-group h2{font-size:1.5rem;color:var(--blue);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px}
.year-group h2::after{content:"";flex:1;height:1px;background:var(--line)}
.pub-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;counter-reset:none}
.pub{display:grid;grid-template-columns:52px 1fr;gap:14px;padding:16px 18px;border-radius:12px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;margin-bottom:12px;transition:.2s}
.pub:hover{box-shadow:var(--shadow);border-color:#c9d6ee}
.pub .idx{color:var(--blue);font-weight:800;font-size:1.05rem;text-align:right;padding-top:2px}
.pub .title{font-weight:700;color:var(--navy);line-height:1.45;margin-bottom:5px;font-size:1rem}
.pub .authors{color:#475569;font-size:.9rem;margin-bottom:6px}
.pub .authors b{color:var(--navy);font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#c9d6ee;text-underline-offset:3px}
.pub .ref{color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 14px;align-items:center}
.pub .ref i{font-style:italic;color:var(--navy-2);font-weight:600}
.pub .ref a{font-weight:600}
.pub.selected{border-left:4px solid var(--gold)}
.pub .star{color:var(--gold);font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;margin-left:6px}
.hidden{display:none!important}
.no-result{padding:30px;text-align:center;color:var(--muted)}
.note{background:#fffbea;border:1px solid #fde68a;color:#7c5a00;border-radius:12px;padding:14px 18px;font-size:.92rem}

/* ---------- News page ---------- */
.news-timeline{position:relative;padding-left:32px}
.news-timeline::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:9px;top:0;bottom:0;width:2px;background:var(--line)}
.news-item{position:relative;padding:0 0 30px}
.news-item::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:-29px;top:6px;width:16px;height:16px;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;border:4px solid var(--blue)}
.news-item time{color:var(--blue);font-weight:700;font-size:.9rem}
.news-item h3{font-size:1.15rem;margin:4px 0 6px}
.news-item p{color:#475569;margin:0}

/* ---------- Contact ---------- */
.contact-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.3fr;gap:34px;align-items:start}
.info-card{padding:26px 28px}
.info-card h3{font-size:1.1rem;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}
.info-card p{margin:0;color:#334155}
.map{border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--shadow);border:1px solid var(--line);min-height:420px}
.map iframe{width:100%;height:100%;min-height:420px;border:0;display:block}

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width:1000px){
  .grid-4{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
  .grid-3{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
  .tech-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
  .pub-stats{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
  .welcome,.two-col,.about,.prof-layout,.area,.contact-grid,.overview{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .area.reverse .area-media{order:0}
  .prof-side{position:static}
  footer .container{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
}
@media (max-width:760px){
  :root{--nav-h:66px}
  .nav-toggle{display:block}
  .nav-links{position:fixed;top:var(--nav-h);left:0;right:0;background:#fff;flex-direction:column;padding:12px 20px 20px;box-shadow:0 12px 30px rgba(15,42,92,.12);display:none;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
  .nav-links.open{display:flex}
  .nav-links a.active::after{display:none}
  .brand .wordmark > span,.brand .wordmark > small{display:none}
  .brand svg{width:44px;height:44px}
  .hero{height:440px}
  .hero-arrow{display:none}
  section{padding:52px 0}
  .grid-2,.grid-3,.grid-4,.stats,.tech-grid,.pub-stats{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  footer .container{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .timeline li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2px}
  .pub{grid-template-columns:36px 1fr}
}

/* ---------- Bilingual lines: English first, Korean underneath ---------- */
.ko{display:block;font-weight:500}
.page-hero p .ko{color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-size:.92em;margin-top:6px;font-family:"Noto Sans KR",sans-serif}
.section-head p .ko{color:var(--muted);font-size:.95em;margin-top:4px}
.member .role .ko{color:var(--muted);font-size:.85rem;margin-top:2px}
.panel h3{flex-wrap:wrap}
.panel h3 .ko{flex-basis:100%;padding-left:20px;font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:-2px}
.overview h3 .ko{font-size:.85rem;opacity:.8;margin-top:2px}
.overview li .ko{font-size:.9em;opacity:.8;margin-top:1px}
.eyebrow .ko,.slide .eyebrow .ko,.hero .eyebrow .ko{font-size:.85em;letter-spacing:.06em;opacity:.8;margin-top:4px;text-transform:none}
.contact-list .ko{color:var(--muted);font-size:.9em;margin-top:2px}